Most companies need funds to strengthen their business growth or expand their operations. Among the primary financing methods for businesses are:
Equity
Equity financing is a key factor in establishing a company. To cover financial needs, company partners make capital contributions. For instance, this includes the minimum capital contribution of €1 when setting up a UG (Unternehmergesellschaft) or deposit of €25,000 when establishing a GmbH (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung). This capital can be provided either in cash or as in-kind contributions (for example machinery, land or other assets). When setting up a GmbH, at least 50% of the share capital (€12,500) must be paid in.
As a company grows, it may be necessary to increase equity. In this case, partners have various financing options:
- capital increase through new contributions,
- introduction of funds from the current account of a business partner,
- raising external capital.
In Germany, there are also various government institutions and programs that can offer financial support to businesses. The main advantage of this financing method is that businesses are typically not obligated to repay the granted amounts.
Business Loans
Many firms prefer business loans as a source of financing. However, it's not always easy for entrepreneurs to convince banks to grant them a loan.
Banks always try to minimize the risk of business failure. Therefore, they often demand a significant contribution from the borrower as a deposit, usually between 10% and 50% of the borrowed amount. In addition to this personal contribution and a convincing business plan, banks require collateral from the borrowing company or its partners before granting a loan. These securities can include:
- guarantees: there are private guarantees and citizens' associations in Germany,
- a security over a portion of the company's capital,
- other external financing means.
If you don't have sufficient funds and/or personal contributions to persuade banks to lend you money, there are other options. If you want to buy equipment or property, leasing can be a good alternative. For this, contact specialized leasing companies that buy these assets and then rent them to you. At the end of the leasing contract, you have three options:
1. Return the asset to the leasing company.
2. Extend the leasing contract.
3. Purchase the asset at a reduced price that takes into account the payments you’ve already made.
Factoring
Another solution for businesses wanting to improve their liquidity is invoice factoring. Through factoring, companies can ‘sell’ their outstanding invoices to a factoring company, which then takes over the collection of the invoiced sums. In addition to covering short-term financing needs, factoring protects the company from unpaid debts from its customers. The factoring company pays you the invoice amount minus a fee they retain for their services. This fee is usually between 0.5% and 5% and includes interest and factoring fees.
Crowdfunding
Crowdfunding is another external financing source that’s suitable for many small and medium-sized businesses. Choosing a crowdfunding platform allows companies to quickly raise money from private investors. Rather than being an alternative to bank credit, crowdfunding often complements a business loan.
If your business project has high growth potential, you can turn to venture capital firms or experienced private investors, known as business angels.